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1978 (MCMLXXVIII) is the current year, and is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1978th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 978th year of the 2nd millennium, the 78th year of the 20th century, and the 9th year of the 1970s decade.
Events
[edit]January
[edit]- January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213.[1]
- January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd government).[2]
- January 6 – The Holy Crown of Hungary (also known as Stephen of Hungary Crown) is returned to Hungary from the United States, where it was held since World War II.[3]
- January 10 – Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, a critic of the Nicaraguan government, is assassinated; riots erupt against Somoza's government.[4][5]
- January 13 – Former American Vice President Hubert Humphrey, a Democrat, dies of cancer in Waverly, Minnesota, at the age of 66.[6][7]
- January 18 – The European Court of Human Rights finds the British government guilty of mistreating prisoners in Northern Ireland, but not guilty of torture.[8]
- January 22 – Ethiopia declares the ambassador of West Germany persona non grata.[9]
- January 24
- Soviet satellite Kosmos 954 burns up in Earth's atmosphere, scattering radioactive debris over Canada's Northwest Territories.[10]
- Rose Dugdale and Eddie Gallagher become the first convicted prisoners to marry in prison since the establishment of the Republic of Ireland.
- January 25 – 27 – The Great Blizzard of 1978 strikes the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes, killing 70.[11][12]
February
[edit]- February 1 – Film director Roman Polanski skips bail in the United States and flees to France, after pleading guilty to charges of engaging in sex with a 13-year-old girl.[13]
- February 5–7 – The Northeastern United States blizzard of 1978 hits the New England region and the New York metropolitan area, killing about 100, and causing over US$520 million in damage.
- February 6 – King Dragon operation in Arakan: Burmese General Ne Win targets Muslim minorities in the village of Sakkipara.
- February 8 – United States Senate proceedings are broadcast on radio for the first time.[14]
- February 9 – The Budd Company unveils its first SPV-2000 self-propelled railcar in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.[15]
- February 11
- Pacific Western Airlines Flight 314, a Boeing 737-200, crashes in Cranbrook, British Columbia, killing 44 of the 50 people on board.[16]
- Somalia mobilizes its troops to deal with an apparent Ethiopian attack.
- The People's Republic of China lifts a ban on works by Aristotle, William Shakespeare and Charles Dickens.[17]
- February 13 – Sydney Hilton Hotel bombing: A bomb explodes outside the Hilton Hotel in Sydney, Australia, killing a policeman and two civilians, and injuring several other people.
- February 15 – Rhodesia, one of only two remaining white-ruled African nations (the other being South Africa), announces that it will accept multiracial democracy within 2 years.
- February 19 – Egyptian raid on Larnaca International Airport: Egyptian Special Forces attempt to rescue several hostages in Larnaca, Cyprus; 20 Egyptian commandos are injured or killed.
- February 25 – The first Legislative Assembly election is held in Arunachal Pradesh, India.
- February 27 – The first global positioning satellite, the Rockwell International-built Navstar 1, is launched by the United States.[18]
March
[edit]- March 1 – Charlie Chaplin's remains are stolen from Cosier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland.[19]
- March 2 – Soyuz 28 (Aleksei Gubarev, Vladimír Remek) is launched on a rendezvous with Salyut 6, with the first cosmonaut from a country other than the US or USSR (Czechoslovakian Vladimír Remek).
- March 3
- Ethiopia admits that its troops are fighting with the aid of Cuban soldiers, against Somalian troops in the Ogaden.
- Rhodesia attacks Zambia.
- The New York Post publishes an article about David Rorvik's book The Cloning of Man, about a supposed cloning of a human being.
- March 8 – The first radio episode of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, by Douglas Adams, is transmitted on BBC Radio 4.
- March 10 – Soyuz 28 lands.
- March 11
- Coastal Road massacre: Palestinian terrorists kill 34 Israelis.
- Claude François, French entertainer born 1939, dies by electrocution in his home in Paris.
- March 14 – Operation Litani: Israeli forces invade Lebanon.
- March 15 – Somalia and Ethiopia sign a truce to end the Ethio-Somali War.
- March 16 – Former Italian Premier Aldo Moro is kidnapped by the Red Brigades; 5 bodyguards are killed.
- March 17 – An oil tanker, Amoco Cadiz, runs aground on the coast of Brittany.
- March 18
- Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan, is sentenced to death by hanging, for ordering the assassination of a political opponent.
- California Jam II is held at the Ontario Motor Speedway in Ontario, California, attracting more than 300,000 fans.
- March 22 – Karl Wallenda of The Flying Wallendas dies, after falling off a tight-rope between two hotels in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
- March 26 – The control tower and some other facilities of New Tokyo International Airport, which were scheduled to open on March 31, are illegally occupied and damaged in a terrorist attack by New Left activists, forcing a rescheduling of its opening date to May 20.
- March 28
- San Francisco's City Council signs the United States's most comprehensive gay rights bill.
- Stump v. Sparkman (435 U.S. 349): The Supreme Court of the United States hands down a 5–3 decision, in a controversial case involving involuntary sterilization and judicial immunity.
April
[edit]- April 1
- New Zealand National Airways Corporation (the domestic airline of New Zealand) is merged with New Zealand's international airline, Air New Zealand.
- Dick Smith of Dick Smith Foods tows a fake iceberg to Sydney Harbour.[20]
- The Philippine College of Commerce, through a presidential decree, is converted to the Polytechnic University of the Philippines.[21]
- April 2 – Dallas debuts on CBS, and gives birth to the modern day primetime soap opera.[22]
- April 3 – The 50th Academy Awards are held at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles, with Annie Hall winning Best Picture.[23]
- April 7 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter decides to postpone production of the neutron bomb, a weapon that kills people with radiation, but leaves buildings relatively intact.[24]
- April 9 – Somali military officers stage an unsuccessful coup against the government of Siad Barre; security forces thwart the attempt within hours, and several conspirators are arrested.[25][26]
- April 14 – 1978 Tbilisi Demonstrations: Thousands of Georgians demonstrate against an attempt by Soviet authorities to change the constitutional status of the Georgian language.[27]
- April 18 – The U.S. Senate votes, 68–32, to turn the Panama Canal over to Panamanian control on December 31, 1999.[28]
- April 18– 30 – The Khmer Rouge massacres 3,157 civilians in Ba Chúc, Vietnam.[29]
- April 20 – A Soviet air defense plane shoots down Korean Air Lines Flight 902; the plane makes an emergency landing on a frozen lake.[30][31]
- April 22
- Izhar Cohen & the Alphabeta win the Eurovision Song Contest 1978 for Israel with their song A-Ba-Ni-Bi.[32]
- The One Love Peace Concert is held at National Heroes Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica. Bob Marley unites two opposing political leaders at this concert, bringing peace to the civil war-ridden streets of the city.[33][34]
- April 25 – St. Paul, Minnesota becomes the second U.S. city to repeal its gay rights ordinance, after Anita Bryant's successful 1977 anti-gay campaign in Miami-Dade County, Florida.
- April 27
- Saur Revolution – Afghanistan's president Mohammad Daoud Khan and his family are murdered; Nur Muhammad Taraki succeeds him, beginning the Afghan war which has not ended yet.[35]
- Willow Island disaster – In the deadliest construction accident in United States history, 51 construction workers are killed when a cooling tower under construction collapses at the Pleasants Power Station in Willow Island, West Virginia.[36][37]
- April 30 – The "Democratic Republic of Afghanistan" is proclaimed, under pro-communist leader Nur Muhammad Taraki.[38]
May
[edit]- May 4
- The Battle of Cassinga occurs in southern Angola.
- Communist activist Henri Curiel is murdered in Paris.
- May 8
- Norway opens a natural gas field, in the Polar Sea.
- Reinhold Messner (Italy) and Peter Habeler (Austria) make the first ascent of Mount Everest, without supplemental oxygen.
- May 9 – In Rome, the corpse of former Italian prime minister Aldo Moro, is found in a red Renault 4.
- May 12 – In Zaire, rebels occupy the city of Kolwezi, the mining centre of the province of Shaba. The Zairean government asks the U.S., France and Belgium to restore order.
- May 12–13 – A group of mercenaries, led by Bob Denard, oust Ali Soilih in the Comoros; ten local soldiers are killed. Denard forms a new government.
- May 15
- Students of the University of Tehran riot in Tabriz; the army stops the riot.
- First Timezone Opens in Perth, Western Australia
- May 17 – Charlie Chaplin's coffin is found some 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the cemetery from which it was stolen, near Lake Geneva.[19]
- May 18
- Soviet dissident Yuri Orlov is sentenced to 7 years' hard labor, for distributing 'counterrevolutionary material'.
- Sarajevo is selected to host the 1984 Winter Olympics, and Los Angeles is selected to host the 1984 Summer Olympics.
- May 18–19 – Belgian and French paratroopers fly to Zaire, to aid the fight against the rebels.
- May 19–20 – French Foreign Legion paratroopers land in Kolwezi, Zaire, to rescue Europeans in the middle of a civil war.
- May 20 – Mavis Hutchinson, 53, becomes the first woman to run across the U.S.; her trek took 69 days.
- May 22 – Exiled leaders Ahmed Abdallah and Muhammad Ahmad return to the Comoros.
- May 23 – American basketball player center Bill Walton of the Portland Trail Blazers was named the National Basketball Association regular season MVP.
- May 25
- First Unabomber attack: A bomb explodes in the security section of Northwestern University, wounding a security guard.
- In a rematch of the previous season, the Montreal Canadiens again defeat the Boston Bruins, this time four games to two, to win the Stanley Cup.
- May 26 – In Atlantic City, New Jersey, Resorts International, the first legal casino in the eastern United States, opens.
- May 28 – Indianapolis 500: Al Unser wins his third race, and the first for car owner Jim Hall.
- May 29 – Ali Soilih is found dead in the Comoros, allegedly shot when trying to escape.
- ^ Accident description for VT-EBD at the Aviation Safety Network
- ^ "The World". Los Angeles Times. January 6, 1978. p. I-2.
- ^ Seeger, Murray (January 7, 1978). "Vance Returns Ancient Crown in Solemn Rites". Los Angeles Times. p. I-1.
- ^ "Editor Opposed to Somoza Slain on Nicargua Street". Los Angeles Times. January 11, 1978. p. I-5.
- ^ "Crowds of Nicaraguans Mourn Slain Newspaper Publisher". Los Angeles Times. January 12, 1978. p. I-17.
- ^ Averill, John R. (January 14, 1978). "Humphrey Dies of Cancer at His Home— Leading Proponent of 'Politics of Joy' Slipped Into Coma, 'Suffered No Pain'". Los Angeles Times. p. I-1.
- ^ "HUMPHREY, Hubert Horatio, Jr. 1911 – 1978". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
- ^ "Britain Ruled Guilty of Prisoner Abuse". Los Angeles Times. January 19, 1978. p. I-4.
- ^ "The World". Los Angeles Times. January 23, 1978. p. I-2.
- ^ Toth, Robert C. (January 25, 1978). "Russ Nuclear Satellite Loses Its Orbit, Burns— Disintegrates Over Northwest Canada; No Danger of Radioactive Fallout Seen". Los Angeles Times. p. I-14.
- ^ "Troops Aid in Saving 1,400 on Ohio Roads; 15-Foot Drifts Strand Motorists in Blizzard; Death Toll Reaches 77". Los Angeles Times. January 28, 1978. p. I-1.
- ^ "Storm Lets Up; Death Toll at 90". Los Angeles Times. January 29, 1978. p. I-1.
- ^ "Polanski, Facing Court Sentence, Flies to Europe". The New York Times. AP. February 2, 1978. Page B5, columns 1-2. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
- ^ "Advice and Consent: The Panama Canal Treaties". archives.gov. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
- ^ Crouse, Chuck (1990). Budd Car, the RDC Story. Mineola, New York: Weekend Chief Publishing. p. 141. ISBN 0-9612814-2-1.
- ^ Aviation Safety Database
- ^ Gabay, Jonathan (2007). Gabay's Copywriters' Compendium: The Definitive Professional Writer's Guide. Routledge. p. 612. ISBN 9780750683203. Retrieved January 18, 2019 – via Google Books.
- ^ Aldridge, Robert C. (1983). First Strike!: The Pentagon's Strategy for Nuclear War. Boston: South End Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-89608-154-3 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b "Yasser Arafat: 10 other people who have been exhumed". BBC. November 27, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
- ^ Boese, Alex (2015). "The Sydney Iceberg (April Fool's Day - 1978)". The Museum of Hoaxes. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ Marcos, Ferdinand E. (1 April 1978). "Presidential Decree No. 1341". PHILIPPINE LAWS, STATUTES and CODES. Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ Baker, Chris (2 April 2012). "Critique: 'Dallas' Episode 1 – 'Digger's Daughter'". Dallas Decoder. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "1978". Oscars.org. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 5 October 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "BBC ON THIS DAY | 7 April | 1978: Carter delays N-bomb production". BBC. 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
- ^ "SOMALI REGIME SAYS IT CRUSHED A REVOLT BY MILITARY OFFICERS". The New York Times. 10 April 1978. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "Military Coup Foiled, Somali Leader Reports". The Washington Post. 10 April 1978. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ Cornell, Svante E. (2002). Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus – Cases in Georgia. Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Report No. 61 (PDF). Uppsala University. p. 150. ISBN 91-506-1600-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 June 2007. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
- ^ "Milestones: 1977–1980: The Panama Canal and the Torrijos-Carter Treaties". Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ^ Pringle, James (7 January 2004). "MEANWHILE: When the Khmer Rouge came to kill in Vietnam". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
- ^ Apple, R. W. Jr. (23 April 1978). "SOUTH KOREAN PLANE PLUNGED 30,000 FEET AFTER BEING FIRED ON". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ^ "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-321B HL7429 Korpijärvi Lake". Aviation Safety Network (ASN). Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ^ "Paris 1978". Eurovision Song Contest. EBU. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ^ Griffith, Pat (May 1978). "Marley meets Manley as "One Love" triumphs". Black Echoes. p. 12. Archived from the original on 8 September 2005. Retrieved 28 August 2021 – via Dance Crasher.
- ^ Professor Pi (24 May 2002). "One Love Peace Concert (thing)". Everything2. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
- ^ "The Afghan Civil War (1978–Present)". Historyguy.com.
- ^ Peterson, Iver (28 April 1978). "51 Killed in Collapse of Scaffold At Power Plant in West Virginia". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved 3 September 2021.
- ^ Ward, Ken Jr. (27 April 2008). "'It was gone': String of problems led to 51 deaths at Willow Island". The Charleston Gazette. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
- ^ Johnson, Thomas H.; Adamec, Ludwig W. (2021). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan. Historical dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (Fifth ed.). Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. xlv. ISBN 9781538149294. Retrieved 25 August 2021.