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Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby

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The Earl of Derby
Secretary of State for War
In office
24 October 1922 – 22 January 1924
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterBonar Law
Stanley Baldwin
Preceded bySir Laming Worthington-Evans, Bt
Succeeded byStephen Walsh
In office
10 December 1916 – 18 April 1918
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterDavid Lloyd George
Preceded byDavid Lloyd George
Succeeded byThe Viscount Milner
Ambassador to France
In office
1918–1920
MonarchGeorge V
Preceded byThe Viscount Bertie of Thame
Succeeded byThe Lord Hardinge of Penshurst
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for War
In office
6 July 1916 – 10 December 1916
MonarchGeorge V
Prime MinisterH. H. Asquith
Preceded byHarold Tennant
Succeeded byIan Macpherson
Postmaster General
In office
6 October 1903 – 10 December 1905
MonarchEdward VII
Prime MinisterArthur Balfour
Preceded byAusten Chamberlain
Succeeded bySydney Buxton
Financial Secretary to the War Office
In office
7 November 1900 – 12 October 1903
MonarchsVictoria
Edward VII
Prime MinisterThe Marquess of Salisbury
Arthur Balfour
Preceded byJoseph Powell Williams
Succeeded byWilliam Bromley-Davenport
Lord Commissioner of the Treasury
In office
6 July 1895 – 7 November 1900
MonarchVictoria
Prime MinisterThe Marquess of Salisbury
Preceded byWilliam Alexander McArthur
Succeeded byAilwyn Fellowes
Member of the House of Lords
Lord Temporal
In office
15 June 1908 – 4 February 1948
Hereditary Peerage
Preceded byThe 16th Earl of Derby
Succeeded byThe 18th Earl of Derby
Member of Parliament
for Westhoughton
In office
26 July 1892 – 12 January 1906
Preceded byFrank Hardcastle
Succeeded byWilliam Wilson
Personal details
Born
Edward George Villiers Stanley

(1865-04-08)8 April 1865
St James's Square, Westminster, London
Died4 February 1948(1948-02-04) (aged 82)
Knowsley Hall, Lancashire
NationalityBritish
Political partyConservative
Spouse(s)Lady Alice Montagu
(d. 1957)
ChildrenEdward Stanley, Lord Stanley
Hon. Oliver Stanley
Lady Victoria Bullock
Parent(s)Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby
Lady Constance Villiers
Garter-encircled Shield of Arms of Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby, KG, GCB, GCVO, TD, KStJ, PC, JP

Edward George Villiers Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby, KG, GCB, GCVO, TD, PC, JP (4 April 1865 – 4 February 1948), styled Mr Edward Stanley until 1886, then The Hon Edward Stanley and then Lord Stanley from 1893 to 1908, was a British soldier, Conservative politician, diplomat and racehorse owner. He was twice Secretary of State for War and also served as British Ambassador to France.

Background and education

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Stanley was born at 23 St James's Square, London, the eldest son of Frederick Stanley (later the 16th Earl of Derby), by his wife Lady Constance Villiers. Frederick Stanley was the second son of Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, who was three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Villiers was the daughter of the Liberal statesman George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon. Edward Stanley was educated at Wellington College, Berkshire, where he boarded as a pupil of Stanley House, named in honour of his paternal grandfather the 14th Earl.[citation needed]

Military career

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Stanley initially received a lieutenant's commission in a militia unit, the 3rd Battalion, King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) (commanded by his father), on 4 May 1882, and then joined the Grenadier Guards as a lieutenant from 6 May 1885.[1] He was seconded as aide-de-camp to the Governor General of Canada, his father, between 8 August 1889[2] and 1891. He was again seconded from his regiment on 10 July 1892, to take his seat in the House of Commons.[3] He resigned his commission on 3 April 1895.[4]

On 11 January 1899, he was commissioned a lieutenant in the reserve of officers,[5] and on 17 May, was made honorary colonel of the 2nd Volunteer Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment. Lord Stanley served on the staff in the Second Boer War, and was appointed Chief Press Censor at Cape Town, graded as assistant adjutant-general, on 18 January 1900. He accompanied Lord Roberts' headquarters as Press Censor when he left Cape Town,[6] and was mentioned in despatches of 31 March 1900 by Roberts for his "tact and discretion" in that role.[7] He was appointed Roberts' private secretary on 25 July 1900.[8] and was again mentioned in despatches of 2 April 1901 for his "thorough knowledge of men and affairs".[9] He was appointed honorary colonel of the 6th (Militia) Battalion, Manchester Regiment on 24 December 1902,[10] of the 5th Battalion, King's Regiment (Liverpool) in the Territorial Force (TF) on 15 June 1908 (the fourth successive Earl of Derby to hold the appointment), of the 4th and 5th TF Battalions of the Loyal North Lancashire Regiment on 18 June 1909 and 17 May 1899 respectively, and of the Lancashire and Cheshire Heavy Brigade, Royal Artillery on 26 February 1921.[11]

Political career

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Derby entered Parliament for Westhoughton in 1892, and served under Lord Salisbury as a Lord of the Treasury between 1895 and 1900 and under Salisbury and later Arthur Balfour as Financial Secretary to the War Office between 1901 and 1903. In October 1903 he entered the cabinet as Postmaster General, a post he held until the government fell in December 1905. He lost his seat in the 1906 general election. In 1908 he succeeded his father in the earldom and took his seat in the House of Lords.[citation needed]

In August 1914 Lord Derby organised one of the most successful recruitment campaigns to Kitchener's Army in Liverpool. Over two days, 1500 Liverpudlians joined the new battalion. Speaking to the men he said: "This should be a battalion of pals, a battalion in which friends from the same office will fight shoulder to shoulder for the honour of Britain and the credit of Liverpool." Within the next few days, three more pals battalions were raised in Liverpool. In October 1915, as Director-General of Recruiting, he instituted the Derby Scheme, a halfway house between voluntary enlistment and conscription (which the Government was reluctant to adopt). It was not sufficiently successful in spite of the fact that the execution of Nurse Edith Cavell by the Germans on 12 October 1915 was used in recruitment rallies and conscription followed in 1916.[citation needed]

In July 1916 Derby returned to the government when he was appointed Under-Secretary of State for War by H. H. Asquith, and in December 1916 he was promoted to Secretary of State for War by David Lloyd George. In this position he was a strong supporter of the Chief of the Imperial General Staff Sir William Robertson and of the Commander-in-Chief of the BEF, Field Marshal Haig. Haig privately had little respect for him, writing to his wife (10 January 1918) that Derby was "like the feather pillow, bear[ing] the mark of the last person who sat on him" and remarking that he was known in London as the "genial Judas".[12] Robertson's biographer writes that during the crisis over Robertson's removal Derby "made himself ridiculous" by asking everyone, including the King, whether or not he should resign, and then in the end not doing so, only to be removed from the War Office a few weeks later.[13]

Derby and John Joseph Woodward (who was also secretary) jointly founded the ex-servicemen's organisation, the Comrades of the Great War in 1917 as a right-wing alternative to the National Association of Discharged Sailors and Soldiers (NADSS) and the National Federation of Discharged and Demobilized Sailors and Soldiers (NFDSS), the latter of whom had put a candidate up against his son Lord Stanley in the 1917 Liverpool Abercromby by-election.[14] The rival groups later merged into the British Legion formed in 1921.

In April 1918 he was made Ambassador to France, which he remained until 1920. In April 1921 he was sent secretly to Ireland for talks with Éamon de Valera, and it is likely that these talks paved the way for the truce which in turn led to the Anglo-Irish Treaty. He again served as Secretary of State for War under Bonar Law and Stanley Baldwin from 1922 to 1924. Derby was made a CB in 1900,[15] sworn of the Privy Council in 1903, KCVO in 1905[16] and a GCVO in 1908, Knight of the Garter in 1915, GCB in 1920. He was awarded the Freedom of the City of Manchester in 1934.[citation needed]

Other public positions

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Derby was Lord Mayor of Liverpool between 1911 and 1912. He served as honorary president of the Rugby Football League, and donated a cup for the French authorities to use for a knock-out competition, much as his father had done for ice hockey with the Stanley Cup. This is now known as the Lord Derby Cup. Between 1937 and 1947 he was the president of the National Playing Fields Association (now renamed Fields in Trust).[17] He was also, from 1929 to 1945, the chairman of the Pilgrims Society, becoming their president, until his death in 1948. Derby served as East Lancashire Provincial Grand Master of Freemasonry from 1899 until his death.[18] He also held the post of Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire between 1928 and 1948.[citation needed] Another contribution made to English rugby league was the match between St Helens and Wigan being named 'the derby' as the clubs reside in opposite ends of Lord Derby's estate, this is a term used globally between rival clubs from a similar location however there is only one domestic league match named 'the Derby'.

Horse racing

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The Epsom Derby was named after the 12th Earl while The Oaks was named after the 12th Earl's house near Epsom. Derby followed the family tradition and was one of the most prominent owner breeders during the first half of the 20th century. Among his stables' important wins were:

Amidst great fanfare that included making the cover of Time, in 1930 the 17th Earl visited Louisville, Kentucky, with Joseph E. Widener where he was the honoured guest of Churchill Downs president Col. Matt Winn at the 56th running of the Kentucky Derby.

His biggest achievement, though, was his breeding of the horse Phalaris. A champion sprinter and a stallion par excellence, Phalaris was responsible for establishing the most dominant sire line in Europe and later, the United States through his four sons – Sickle, Pharamond, Pharos and Fairway.

Family

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Lord Derby married Lady Alice Montagu, daughter of William Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester, and Louisa von Alten, and step-daughter of the leading Liberal politician Lord Hartington, at the Guards Chapel, Wellington Barracks, London, on 5 January 1889. Lady Alice was also a lady-in-waiting to her friend, Queen Alexandra.

The couple had three children together. Two of them, Edward (Lord Stanley) and Oliver, achieved the rare distinction of sitting in the same Cabinet between May and October 1938 until Edward's death. Their daughter, Lady Victoria, married the Liberal politician Neil Primrose.[19] After his death in World War I, she married the Conservative politician Malcolm Bullock.[citation needed]

Lord Derby died in February 1948 at the family seat of Knowsley Hall, Lancashire, aged 82. His other country seat was Coworth Park at Sunningdale in Berkshire. He was succeeded in the earldom by his grandson, Edward. He is buried at St Mary's Church, Knowsley.[20] The Countess of Derby died in July 1957.[citation needed]

Many good stories are told of Lord Derby, including the following, which is surely apocryphal not least because he was a man of utter probity. He was spotted by a steward feeding one of his horses shortly before the start of a race. When challenged, His Lordship explained the substance was sugar, and promptly ate a lump himself to show that it was innocuous. "Keep the creature on a tight rein until a furlong out, then let him have his head, He'll do the rest". His Lordship added, almost as an afterthought: "If you hear anything coming up behind you, don't worry and don't turn round, it will only be me".[citation needed]

A county directory of 1903 describes Coworth House as "an ancient building standing in a thickly wooded park". As Derby also owned Knowsley Hall in Lancashire, his principal country seat, and a London townhouse in Stratford Place, St James's, Coworth tended to be occupied only during Ascot race meetings. The Derby landholdings in 1833 consisted of some seventy thousand acres in Lancashire, Cheshire, Surrey and Kent in England and Flintshire in Wales, but not a single acre in Derbyshire. The Landholding produced a rent-roll of £163,273 p.a.[citation needed]

On 9 January 1923, the Earl sold 143 acres of land known as the Keston Lodge Estate in Kent for £6000 to the property developer Frederick Rogers who renamed it Keston Park.[21]

Coworth House continued with Lord Derby until his death in 1948. It then became the home of Lady Derby, who died there on 24 July 1957, aged ninety-four. A month later her former home was advertised for sale in The Times; and at this or a subsequent date was converted to use as a Roman Catholic convent school. The next owner is thought to have been Vivian 'White' Lloyd who died in 1972.[citation needed]

Screen portrayals

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Lord Derby was portrayed by Frank Middlemass in an episode of the 1981 TV miniseries Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years.

References

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  1. ^ "No. 25467". The London Gazette. 5 May 1885. p. 2041.
  2. ^ "No. 25959". The London Gazette. 30 July 1889. p. 4095.
  3. ^ "No. 26310". The London Gazette. 26 July 1892. p. 4250.
  4. ^ "No. 26612". The London Gazette. 2 April 1895. p. 1997.
  5. ^ "No. 27041". The London Gazette. 10 January 1899. p. 151.
  6. ^ "No. 27207". The London Gazette. 3 July 1900. p. 4126.
  7. ^ "No. 27282". The London Gazette. 8 February 1901. p. 845.
  8. ^ "No. 27226". The London Gazette. 4 September 1900. p. 5464.
  9. ^ "No. 27305". The London Gazette. 16 April 1901. p. 2601.
  10. ^ "No. 27508". The London Gazette. 23 December 1902. p. 8845.
  11. ^ Army List.
  12. ^ Sheffield & Bourne 2005, p. 372.
  13. ^ Bonham-Carter 1963, p. 351.
  14. ^ Ian Frederick William Beckett, The Great War, 1914-1918, p. 572.
  15. ^ "No. 27306". The London Gazette. 19 April 1901. p. 2696.
  16. ^ "No. 27818". The London Gazette. 18 July 1905. p. 4981.
  17. ^ The History of Fields in Trust
  18. ^ History of East Lancashire Provincial Grand Lodge Archived 21 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 14 November 2008.
  19. ^ "Primrose-Stanley wedding". British Pathe News.
  20. ^ "Liverpool Daily Post". 5 February 1948.
  21. ^ "History". Keston Park. Retrieved 23 July 2021.

Sources

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Randolph Churchill, "King of Lancashire"

[edit]
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Westhoughton
18921906
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Financial Secretary to the War Office
1901–1903
Succeeded by
Preceded by Postmaster General
1903–1905
Succeeded by
New office Chairman of the Joint War Air Committee
1916
Succeeded byas President of the Air Board
Preceded by Under-Secretary of State for War
1916
Succeeded by
Preceded by Secretary of State for War
1916–1918
Succeeded by
Preceded by Secretary of State for War
1922–1924
Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by British Ambassador to France
1918–1920
Succeeded by
Honorary titles
Preceded by Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire
1928–1948
Succeeded by
Peerage of England
Preceded by Earl of Derby
1908–1948
Succeeded by
Professional and academic associations
Preceded by President of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire
1908–36
Succeeded by
William Fergusson Irvine